Strengthening Coastal Livelihoods Through Community-Based Seaweed Farming: The Role of Science, Innovation and Partnerships in Building a Resilient Blue Economy in Kenya

Seaweed farming is an emerging blue economy enterprise that supports livelihood diversification, food security, and economic empowerment in Kenya’s coastal communities. This study assessed six seaweed farming groups along the South Coast of Kenya; Changai, Utsamba, Magogoni, Mtibwa, and Mtimbwani to evaluate group organisation, farming practices, production systems, socio-economic contributions, and operational challenges. Data were collected through structured interviews with Trainers of Trainers (ToTs) and group representatives between 29 and 31 January 2025.

Results showed that women constituted between 55% and 80% of group membership, highlighting the important role of seaweed farming in promoting inclusive community development. All groups cultivated Eucheuma spinosum using the Double-Made Loop (DML) farming method, demonstrating adoption of improved farming practices aimed at enhancing productivity and resilience. While some groups had successfully harvested and marketed seaweed, others were focused on establishing seed nurseries to support future expansion.

Key challenges reported included labour shortages, theft of farming materials, seaweed diseases, and environmental stressors such as strong winds and excessive sedimentation. Despite these constraints, partnerships with organisations including The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and Plan International have strengthened farmer capacity through training, technical support, and resource provision.

The findings demonstrate that community engagement, capacity building, and strategic partnerships are critical for strengthening the resilience of small-scale seaweed farming systems. Continued investment in farmer training, youth engagement, improved farming technologies, and value addition opportunities will be essential for scaling sustainable seaweed aquaculture and supporting Kenya’s blue economy aspirations. This study highlights the role of science, innovation, and partnerships in enhancing resilient coastal livelihoods and sustainable marine resource use.