Beyond Biomass: Assessing Socioeconomic Impacts and Equity in the Seaweed Value Chain of Kwale County, Kenya

Seaweed aquaculture is a growing pillar of the Western Indian Ocean’s blue economy. However, its role in fostering social equity and community resilience remains under-validated. This study evaluated the socioeconomic impacts of seaweed farming on coastal livelihoods in Kwale County, Kenya. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a household survey from 137 seaweed farmers across five villages. Women comprised 71% of the workforce. Farmers reported increased household earnings and livelihood diversification. Capacity building emerged as a key driver. 80% of respondents had received formal technical training which strongly correlated with high social cohesion. However, climate-driven stressors and market volatility threatened production stability. While value-addition offered higher margins, limited market access for processed goods constrained the transition from subsistence to commercial entrepreneurship. We concluded that seaweed farming acts as a social equalizer, enhancing agency among marginalized communities beyond biomass production. To sustain these gains, we recommended the integration of climate-resilient technologies and decentralization of value-addition hubs to advance inclusive, sustainable blue growth.