Integration of AI in Catfish Aquaponics in Kenya, Feasibility study

Aquaponics represents a sustainable food production technology integrating recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with hydroponic plant cultivation. In Kenya, the National Aquaculture Technology Development and Innovation Transfer Centre (NATD&ITC) has established over 50 demonstration units, yet system failures persist due to inadequate monitoring, technical limitations, and resource constraints. This study evaluates the feasibility of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaponics systems to enhance sustainability and productivity.

Using a mixed-methods approach combining systematic literature review, documentary analysis of NATD&ITC reports, and qualitative assessment of stakeholder perspectives, this research examined technical, economic, social, and environmental feasibility dimensions. Key performance indicators were derived from comparative analysis of production systems.

Results demonstrate that AI-enhanced aquaponics achieves 12.5 tons/ha/year production with 90% survival rates, compared to 2.0 tons/ha/year and 50% survival in traditional pond systems. Economic analysis indicates 39% higher revenue potential (KSh 150,000 vs 108,000 per 800m² unit) with 13% reduced operating costs. Water quality monitoring efficiency improved by 25-45% across parameters (dissolved oxygen: 40%, ammonia: 45%). Implementation follows a 5-phase trajectory from pilot testing (Year 1: -20% ROI) to optimization (Year 5: 95% ROI). Risk-benefit analysis favors water quality monitoring (4.2:1 ratio) and disease prediction (3.6:1).

Critical barriers include high capital investment (KSh 420,000 vs KSh 285,000), energy requirements (8.2% of operating costs), and infrastructure limitations. The study proposes a contextualized implementation framework emphasizing phased adoption, renewable energy integration, and capacity building. This research contributes to smart aquaculture development in Sub-Saharan Africa, providing evidence-based guidance for policy makers and practitioners seeking to enhance food security through technology-driven aquaponics.